The Use of Fortification as a Political Instrument by the Ayyubids and the Mamluks in Bilad al-Sham and in Egypt (Twelfth-Thirteenth Centuries)
Beginning in 1170/1171, Salah al-Din built fortifications as the Fatimid vizier of Egypt. His considerations were primarily defensive in this period, following the Frankish campaign of 1168 that led to the siege of Cairo, and the Frankish-Byzantine naval expedition against Damietta in 1169.
Crusades and Jihads: A Long-Run Economic Perspective
Crusades and Jihads: A Long-Run Economic Perspective Heston, Alan Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 588, Islam: Enduring…
How Eager He Was for the Victory of Islam!’: Saladin’s Strategy Against the Kingdom of Jerusalem (1171-1187)
How Eager He Was for the Victory of Islam!’: Saladin’s Strategy Against the Kingdom of Jerusalem (1171-1187) By Jan Vandeburie Paper given at…
The Byzantines and Saladin, 1185-1192: Opponents of the Third Crusade
The Byzantines and Saladin, 1185-1192: Opponents of the Third Crusade Brand, Charles M. Speculum, Vol. 37, No. 2 (Apr., 1962) Abstract On the eve…
The Artifice of War: Intelligence and Intrigue in the Third Crusade
The Artifice of War: Intelligence and Intrigue in the Third Crusade By Dana Cushing Paper given at the 33rd International Medieval Congress, Western…
The Massacre at Acre: Mark of a Blood-thirsty King?
Ultimately, when it became clear that the True Cross and ransoms were not forthcoming, Richard I was forced to make a military decision.
‘The Lord put His people to the sword’: Contemporary perceptions of the Battle of Hattin (1187)
‘The Lord put His people to the sword’: Contemporary perceptions of the Battle of Hattin (1187) Roach, Daniel (University of Exeter Undergraduate Thesis,…
The Debate on the Fourth Crusade
The Debate on the Fourth Crusade Harris, Jonathan History Compass, Volume 2, Issue 1 (2004) Abstract This article examines attempts over the past…
