Baltic Archive
-
Disputing Identity, Territoriality, and Sovereignty: The Place of Pomerania in the Social Memory of the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Ordensstaat
Posted on October 17, 2014 | No CommentsThis dissertation analyzes state-formation, the development of historical consciousness, and the construction of identities in medieval Europe. -
The Sword Brothers at War: Observations on the Military Activity of the Knighthood of Christ in the Conquest of Livonia and Estonia (1203–1227)
Posted on October 5, 2014 | No CommentsThe Knighthood of Christ of Livonia (Militia Christi de Livonia) was the first of the medieval military religious orders to be founded for service outside the Holy Land and Iberia, and thus the first one to be actively involved in warfare anywhere in northern Europe. -
England’s First Attempt to Break the Commercial Monopoly of the Hanseatic League, 1377-1380
Posted on July 27, 2014 | No CommentsDuring the second half of the fourteenth century English traders first seriously threatened the Hanseatic League's commercial monopoly in the Baltic. The League, attempting to defendits monopoly, treated the English unjustly,where upon in 1377 the English Parliament rescinded the charter that granted the League important concessions and privileges in its English trade. -
Navegación y embarcaciones en la época vikinga: diferentes fuentes para su estudio (Shipping and navigation in the Viking Age: different sources for study)
Posted on June 4, 2014 | No CommentsThis article (in Spanish) is about Viking shipping and navigation. -
Estonian small towns in the Middle Ages: archaeology and the history of urban defense
Posted on June 3, 2014 | No CommentsThe purpose of the current article is to summarize the material gathered from the excavations of the medieval town walls from the Estonian towns of Viljandi, Haapsalu, and Narva, to discuss when they were erected, and to analyze what their place was in Old Livonian and Baltic contexts. -
Island Words, Island Worlds: The Origins and Meanings of Words for ‘Islands’ in North-West Europe
Posted on May 5, 2014 | No CommentsThis paper proposes the notion that words mirror ideas, perspectives and world- views. Etymologies and meanings of general words for ‘islands’ in a number of languages in North and West Europe are then discussed. -
Gesta Danorum and the Wendish Crusade
Posted on April 22, 2014 | No CommentsThe Wendish Crusade from 1147 marks the beginning of 'Holy Wars' fought against the Balto-Slavic and Finno-Ugric populations from the Baltic See. -
Why did Medieval Slave Traders go to Finland?
Posted on April 17, 2014 | No CommentsThe demand for blonde girls and boys was so lucrative that slave traders would hunt for these people as far away as northern Finland, a recent study finds. -
Bjarmaland and interaction in the North of Europe from the Viking Age until the Early Middle Ages
Posted on April 6, 2014 | No CommentsThis article intends to look at interaction in the very north of early medi- eval Europe with Bjarmaland as a starting point. After a short introduction to sources and historiography about Bjarmaland, the main content of the sources will be shortly discussed in order to establish what kind of informa- tion the written sources have to offer. -
A Comparative Analysis Of Early Medieval North-West Slavonic And West Baltic Sacred Landscapes
Posted on February 15, 2014 | No CommentsThe major aim of our paper is to present a comparative analysis of early medieval north-west Slavonic and Prussian objects and places which are interpreted in a sacral context. -
The politico-religious landscape of medieval Karelia
Posted on February 14, 2014 | No CommentsIn historical sources the Karelians appear in the 12th century although archaeological excavations suggest that the amalgamation of groups of Baltic Finns, centered on the Karelian Isthmus, that came together from east and west respectively to form them originated in the late Iron Age and early Viking Age. -
The Richest Bachelor in Late Medieval Reval
Posted on December 21, 2013 | No CommentsWhen Hans Bouwer had his last will and testament composed on 9 April 1519, he bequeathed approximately 7000 Rigan marks to different institutions and individuals. -
Finland, Tallinn and the Hanseatic League: Foreign Trade and the Orientation of Roads in Medieval Finland
Posted on November 24, 2013 | No CommentsWhat was the role of Finland in the trade of the Hanseatic League in the Middle Ages? Thisquestion has been widely discussed in Finnish history since 1882, when J.W. Ruuth publishedhis study on the relationship between Finland and the Hanse before 1435. -
How to justify a crusade? The conquest of Livonia and new crusade rhetoric in the early thirteenth century
Posted on November 24, 2013 | No CommentsThis article examines an apparently simple question: how to justify a crusade that did not aim at recovering the Holy Land. -
Riga Castle in Latvia damaged by fire
Posted on June 28, 2013 | No CommentsLast week's fire at Riga Castle has left the Latvian landmark with heavy damage, including the destruction of the roof and several rooms. -
Novgorod the Great in Baltic Trade before 1300
Posted on March 3, 2013 | No CommentsThe information on trade contacts between Novgorod and Scandinavian countries preserved in the works of Old Norse -
The Dominican Convents in Medieval Norway
Posted on January 6, 2013 | No CommentsIn the Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Norway was larger than it is today, where the former Norwegian districts of Jämtland and Bohus are now parts of Sweden. In 1380, the Norwegian throne was inherited by the Danish king, and for the rest of the Middle Ages, Danish monarchs ruled Norway, but even though the kings often made use of Danes in the administration, the Norwegian kingdom did in fact remain as an independent part of a so-called double monarchy. -
Querimonia desolacionis terre sancte – The fall of Acre and the Holy Land in 1291 as an emotional element in the Teutonic Order tradition
Posted on December 24, 2012 | No CommentsThose Military Orders − the Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights, along with other Military Orders, had shed their blood across the Latin Kingdom and suffered many casualties in the final siege which took place in Acre between March and May 1291. -
Fishing with Monks – Padise Abbey and the River Vantaanjoki from 1351 to 1429
Posted on December 17, 2012 | No CommentsHow did the Cistercian Abbey of Padise in Estonia first come into possession of fishing rights for salmon in the River Vantaanjoki in Finland? -
Environmental impact of the Baltic Crusades: deforestation, animal extinction, dogs no longer on the menu
Posted on December 11, 2012 | No CommentsA multidisciplinary project seeks to understand the environmental impact of the Baltic Crusades. Horses, for example, aided the Christians in battle, while the castles the Crusaders built decimated forests. -
A Distant World: Russian Relations with Europe Before Peter the Great
Posted on October 4, 2012 | No CommentsDespite their isolation and poverty, the Slavic plowmen succeeded in settling this unforgiving region, expanding their numbers, and, most importantly, creating the beginnings of a trading network along the many rivers of the region—the western Dvina, the Volkhov, the northern Dvina, and the Dniepr and its tributaries. -
The Amber Trail in early medieval Eastern Europe.
Posted on September 30, 2012 | No CommentsThe standard method employed in characterization studies of amber, namely infrared spectrography, can discriminate roughly between Baltic amber and amber from other European sources... -
Reflection of European Sarmatia in Early Cartography
Posted on August 23, 2012 | No CommentsWhile looking for the origins of the state of Lithuania, it is the study of old maps that helps solve a number of riddles, so far weighing on the history of our nation. Historical data, traced in maps and their images, unrestricted by any political, religious or pseudo- scientific taboos, allow us to cast a broad view on the dim and distant past of our state. -
The Religious Orders of Knighthood in Medieval Scandinavia: Historical and Archaeological Approaches
Posted on August 5, 2012 | No CommentsEven if the various Orders of Knighthood reached Scandinavia somewhat later than most of the Christian civilization they soon became important religious institutions in Scandinavian societies in the same way as they already were in the rest of western Europe. -
A defence installation of the developing Lithuanian state
Posted on August 5, 2012 | No CommentsThis defence installation from the 12th and 13th centuries belongs to the most important fortified area of the newly developing Lithuanian state. It extended about 50 kilometres from east to west, and was built as a defence against the Polotsk-Pskov duchies and the Livonian Order.
