Knighthood Before the Crusades: Bishop Gerard of Cambrai’s Vision of Medieval Society
This article examines Bishop Gerard of Cambrai’s vision of medieval society, contrasting it with Georges Duby’s influential model of knighthood and the three orders before the Crusades.
How the Carolingians Organized Military Service in the Ninth Century
Explore how the Carolingians organized military service in the ninth century, from wealth-based militia obligations to the Edict of Pîtres, the Benevento Capitulary, and Louis the German’s charter.
How Carolingian Soldiers Learned to Fight
Discover how Carolingian soldiers learned the art of war, from feigned retreats to sword drills. A surviving manual and eyewitness accounts shed light on military training in the Early Middle Ages.
Why a Benefice Did Not Make a Vassal in the Middle Ages
David Bachrach on why holding a benefice did not make someone a vassal in the Middle Ages, challenging long-held assumptions about feudalism and medieval society.
Archbishop Albero of Trier: Master of Siege Warfare in Medieval Germany
Learn how Archbishop Albero of Trier used siege warfare to secure independence and reshape power in medieval Germany.
