How Carolingian Soldiers Learned to Fight
Discover how Carolingian soldiers learned the art of war, from feigned retreats to sword drills. A surviving manual and eyewitness accounts shed light on military training in the Early Middle Ages.
Why a Benefice Did Not Make a Vassal in the Middle Ages
David Bachrach on why holding a benefice did not make someone a vassal in the Middle Ages, challenging long-held assumptions about feudalism and medieval society.
Archbishop Albero of Trier: Master of Siege Warfare in Medieval Germany
Learn how Archbishop Albero of Trier used siege warfare to secure independence and reshape power in medieval Germany.
