Women do not sit as Judges, or do they? The office of Judge in Vincentius Bellovacensis’ Speculum

Vincent of Beauvais (Vincentius Bellovacensis)

It was Charles Homer Haskins (1870-1936) who coined the expression “Renaissance of the twelfth century”. Before him this expression referred more specifically to the Italian Renaissance of the fifteenth century as nineteenth century Swiss historian Jakob Burckhardt put it.

Notarial Convention in the Facilitation of Trade and Economics in Mid-Thirteenth Century Marseille

Medieval banking

This paper examines Marseillaise notarial documents of 1248 from the cartulary of Girauld Amalric. Amalric’s cartulary demonstrates how notarial techniques and related legal conventions facilitated Marseille’s long- and short-distance trade.

From Triumphant to Suffering Jesus: Visual and Literary Depictions of the Crucifixion, 300-1200

Images of Christ  - 12th c.

By the twelfth century in both literature and art the form of the suffering Christ was supplanting the form of the conquering Christ.

The Place of Germany in the Twelfth-Century Renaissance: Books, Scriptoria and Libraries

Medieval Books of Hours in the Public Library of Bruges

Scholars in Germany and elsewhere have studied individual instances of this growth in the output of scriptoria and expansion of collections, but no-one, as far as I know, has drawn attention to the impressive scale and character of the phenomenon as a whole.

Bernard of Morlaix: the literature of complaint, the Latin tradition and the twelfth-century “Renaissance”

Bernard of Cluny

Bernard of Morlaix was a monk of the order of Cluny who flourished around 1140. Excerpts from one of his poems appear in some anthologies of medieval Latin verse1 and he is briefly noticed in some works on the twelfth-century renaissance, but he has received little critical attention and only one of his poems has been translated from the Latin.

The Arthur of the chronicles

King Arthur

Even if we cannot accept the claim made by Geoffrey in his introduction that his putative source was ‘attractively composed to form a consecutive andorderly narrative’, he certainly made extensive use ofWelsh genealogies andking-lists.

Bogomils, Cathars, Lollards, and the High Social Position of Women During the Middle Ages

Medieval women  - 1380

During the 12th century, if not slightly earlier, Western Europe lived through a period of economic and social upheavel termed by many historians the 12th c. Renaissance. One of its aspects is related to the considerable emancipation of women mostly in Southern France, a development which spread over to Italy, Flanders, and later, England. One can even detect social zones where real emancipation was axhieved.

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