Tag: Islam in the Middle Ages

Articles

What it Means to be a Son: Adam, Language, and Theodicy in a Ninth-Century Dispute

Al-Jāḥiẓ’s epistle entitled Refutation of the Christians (al-Radd ʿalā al-Naṣārā) contains an account of a dispute that took place between his teacher al-Naẓẓām (d.835-845), al-Jāḥiẓ himself, and a third unnamed mutakallim, tentatively identified by David Thomas as Aḥmad b. Ḥāʾiṭ (or Ḥābiṭ or Khāʾiṭ) a Muʿtazilī theologian who studied under al-Jāḥiẓ’s teacher, al-Naẓẓām