Where the Middle Ages Begin
The chronological period of study is highlighted by the usurpation of the Ayyūbid-ruled Sultanate by the Baḥrī Mamlūks, while the two most important political-military events in the region were the collapse of the Crusader States and the invasion of the Mongols. This thesis will examine how events impacted on the nine Christian Confessions, treating each separately.
The Romano-Byzantine landscape was forever changed in the seventh century with Heraclius’ defeat of Sasanian Iran, the Arabs’ wresting of the Near East from the Byzantines, the removal of the Monophysite problem from Byzantium proper, and the massive devastation
brought by this ferocious cycle of warfare.
Since at least the Iron Age, and perhaps much earlier, Caucasia has been a cohesive yet diverse zone of cross-cultural encounter and shared historical experience. Despite their linkage by a web of interconnections which was as dense as it was durable, the peoples inhabiting the isthmus between the Black and Caspian Seas have seldom exhibited a conscious regional identity in their oral, written, and visual monuments.
Georgian Sources By Stephen H. Rapp Jr. Proceedings of the British Academy, No.132 (2007) Introduction: The eviction of the Muslims, the annihilation of the ‘barbarians’, the pacification of the Seljuk sultan and the Byzantine emperor: such is the bold assessment of Georgia’s condition in the time of the crusades by the biographer of the Georgian […]
Real and imagined feudalism in highland Georgia By Kevin Tuite Amirani, Vol.7 (2002) Introduction: During the 8th-9th centuries, a system of land tenure and political organization that has been described as “feudal” arose in the Transcaucasus. As in Western Europe, Georgian feudalism was characterized by (1) the hierarchical and personal relation between vassal and lord […]
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