rsz_leidenworldmapsmall

Classic KMMS world map, with South on top, “Ṣūrat al-Arḍ” (Picture of the World), from an abbreviated copy of al-Iṣṭakhrī’s “Kitāb al-masālik wa-al-mamālik” (Book of Routes and Realms). 589/1193. Mediterranean. Gouache and ink on paper. Diameter 37.5 cm. Courtesy: Leiden University Libraries. Cod. Or. 3101, fols. 4b–5a.

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