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What’s “Middle” About the Middle Ages?

What’s “Middle” About the Middle Ages?

By Warren C. Brown

Engineering and Science, Vol.62:2 (2000)

The Cathedral Basilica of St Denis, near Paris – Photo by Rogiro / Flickr

Introduction: In 1986, the physicists Paul Ginsparg and Sheldon Glashow used the Middle Ages as a metaphor to express their concern with the way that string theory seemed to be increasingly divorced from verifiable reality. They charged string theory with being a kind of “medieval theology” that would undermine science itself: “For the first time since the Dark Ages, we can see how our noble search may end up with faith replacing science once again.”

Ginsparg and Glashow’s comments reflect one of the more common popular images of the Middle Ages. From a modern perspective, the term “medieval” frequently connotes either religion carried to the point of superstition or religious and intellectual intolerance: the Inquisition, faith smothering reason, and Joan of Arc burning at the stake. In other words, the adjective “medieval” is often used to represent the antithesis of our post- Enlightenment/post-scientific-revolution way of viewing the world.

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American popular culture contains other images of the Middle Ages as well. If we look at movies, newspapers, and magazines, or on the Internet, we find that the Middle Ages are for us first and foremost an almost mythical time in Europe’s distant past. “Middle Ages” means kings and queens, knights and castles, and glorious, unfettered, joyous violence.

It means dragons, damsels in distress. It means oppressed peasant serfs, exploited by their rapacious lords. The Middle Ages have inspired not only movie-makers, but also legions of historical reenacters and war gamers who have turned to medieval history and mythology in search of a simpler and more direct world with fewer rules than, or perhaps rules different from, our own.

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Click here to read this article from the California Institute of Technology

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